Plagiarism and AI Use Policy

Plagiarism, Duplicate Publication, and Use of AI

All submissions may be screened for plagiarism and inappropriate text overlap. Manuscripts found to contain plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate publication, or substantial redundant publication may be rejected at any stage of the editorial process.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, citations, and ethical integrity of their submissions. Generative artificial intelligence tools must not be listed as authors. If such tools have been used for language editing, translation, coding, data analysis, or other aspects of manuscript preparation, authors should disclose this use transparently in the manuscript where relevant.